Šērūa-ēṭirat was the eldest daughter of Assyrian King Esarhaddon (r. 681 to 669 BC) and the older sister of his twin sons Ashurbanipal and Šamaš-šuma-ukin. She's the only one of Esarhaddon's daughters to be known by name. Her mother may have been Ešarra-ḫammat.
King Esarhaddon designated respectively
Ashurbanipal and Šamaš-šuma-ukin, crown princes of Assyria and of Babylonia (c. 672 BC).
Under Ashurbanipal's reign (c. 669–627 BC), the boundaries of the Assyrian Empire reached as far as the Caucasus Mountains. Later ancient kingdoms of the region included Armenia, Albania, Colchis and Iberia, among others. These kingdoms were later incorporated into various Iranian empires, including Media, the Achaemenid Empire, Parthia, and the Sassanid Empire, who would altogether rule the Caucasus for many hundreds of years.
He defeated the Elamites, cutting off Babylon from its supporting tribesmen. Babylon itself fell after a two-year siege, his brother Šamaš-šuma-ukin committed suicide in his burning palace (c. 648 BC). In 640 BC, Elam was invaded and its capital Susa plundered, some of its inhabitants being exiled to Samaria, capital of the northern kingdom of Israel.
Assyria previously destroyed Samaria in 722 BC, most of the northern 10 tribes never returned.
Šērūʾa-ēṭirat may have married Scynthian King Bartatua, though the marriage itself is not recorded in the Assyrian texts.
If Šērūʾa-ēṭirat's married Bartatua she was likely the mother of his successor Madyes, who brought Scythian power in Western Asia to its peak.
She was likely involved in politics, particularly the politics of the south, being mentioned alongside Kandālanu (the "puppet king" of Babylonia installed after the death of Šamaš-šuma-ukin) and the king of Elam in a letter.
The sons of Noah who came out of the ark, following the great flood (c. 2100 BC), were Shem, Ham and Japheth.
Shem was the father of Elam (from whom came the Elamites).
The Elamites had begun the towns that were to become the kingdom of the Dynasty of Awan.
King Esarhaddon related how, in his attempt to subdue the Arabs, his father, King Sennacherib struck against their capital, Adummatu, which he called the stronghold of the Arabs. Sennacherib captured their king, Hazael. Hazael is referred to in one inscription of Ashurbanipal as King of the Kedarites.
Ishmael was the firstborn son of Abraham. He fathered the "Twelve Tribes of Ishmael," Arab tribes from which the early Muslims were descended. God made a covenant to Abraham to make both Ishmael, his firstborn, and Jacob (Israel), his grandson born to Isaac and Rebekah, great nations.
Nebaioth was the firstborn son of Ishmael, the grandson of Abraham and Hagar. He is identified with the Nabaiāte mentioned in the Assyrian documents from the time of Ashurbanipal as a tribe or a group of tribes of nomads in the border deserts of Israel. The Nebaioth are not to be connected with the Nabateans.
They are mentioned in the annals of Assyrian King Tiglathpileser III (745-727 BC) in the context of a campaign against the Arabs, their allies and the tribute lists thereafter. The Nebaiothites are mentioned also by Ashurbanipal (668-633 BC) in his annals of campaigns in Egypt, Syria and Palestine.
Kedar is named second of Ishmael’s sons and an Ishmaelite tribe from which the prophet Mohammed traces his descent.
Close to 652 BC the Kedarites under Uateʾ the son of Hazael, who broke his oath of allegiance to Ashurbanipal, raided the frontier regions on the western border of the Assyrian empire, but were repulsed and defeated by King Kamashtalta of Moab and by units of the Assyrian army stationed along the border from the Valley of Lebanon to Edom.
Dumah, is named sixth of the twelve sons of Ishmael and an Ishmaelite tribe… presumed founder of the Assyrian Adummatu people from Assyrian and Babylonian inscriptions c. 7th and 6th centuries BC.
The title of Šērūʾa-ēṭirat after Esarhaddon's death was ahat šarri ("sister of the king").
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Like this post? Stop by and read “Naqiya-Zakutu: Queen of Assyria, Wife of Sennacherib, Mother of Esarhaddon.” Queen Naqiya-Zakutu was a wife of the Assyrian king Sennacherib (r. 705–681 BC) and the mother of his son and successor Esarhaddon (r. 681–669).
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